What are the three major steps in PCR? denaturation, annealing, extension During DNA cloning, what is the role of the vector? Carrier DNA to help your DNA get into a cell without the host cell destroying it What is the shape of a recombinant plasmid? Circular What are purines? Adenine and Guanine What are the prymidines? Thymine and Cytosine Why is one end of the DNA called the 5' end? Because the 5' carbon is attached to the phosphates and this end is free Why is one end of the DNA called the 3' end? Because this the free hydroxyl which is attached to the 3' carbon on the sugar What role do the grooves play in the cell? They provide proteins access to the nucleotide bases for binding and sequence recognition centromeres Area where the chromatids of a chromosome are attached miRNA responsible for silencing and post transcriptional regulation of gene expression telomere a string of repetitive nonsense DNA repeats added by telomerase gene a stretch of code that describes a translational product almost invariably the sequence of amino acids of a given protein What is the enzyme responsible for using DNA as a template to synthesize new DNA? DNA polymerase Along the template strand of DNA, which direction does synthesis take place? 3' to 5' What does the "proof reading" mean? DNA Polymerase possesses a 3' to 5' exonuclease activity which excises a wrongfully bonded nucleotide and replaces it with the correct nucleotide Which of the following DNA polymerases are responsible mainly for replication? PolI, PolII, PolIII What does ORI stand for and what is its role in replication? Origin of replication, indicates where replication starts What is the difference between the continuous strand and the discontinuous strand? A discontinuous strand is where the strands is synthesized in fragments and then joined together while a continuous strand constantly synthesizes in the 5' to 3' direction.
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